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Graduate Student Scholarly Work
Brett A. Kramer (2004). Title of dissertation: Examining non-participation through
people’s functional perspectives: A Q methodology study of non-participating Uruguayan
dairy farmers. Doctoral dissertation.
This dissertation illustrates how Q methodology
was used to solve a problem of low enrollment in a dairy herd genetic registry
project in Uruguay to
better
understand the reasons why many farmer producers declined to participate. The
results of Q methodology led to a more satisfying understanding of the needs,
interests, and values of non-participants in this agricultural extension project.
The dissertation argues for expanded use of Q as a tool for educational program
planning and evaluation in addition to its better known use as a research instrument.
Q statements were developed from in-depth interviews with non-participating producers
and project staff, and project documents. Data collection and analysis of q-sorts
(44 total) occurred in February and September of 2003. Centroid factor analysis
with theoretical rotation was used to arrive at a four-factor solution to the
combined data matrix of 44 q-sorts. Three of the four factors were stable across
both analyses. This first factor, the “Technicians”, cited lack of technical assistance as the reason for non-participation and
sought a solution that focused on delivering the project through better trained
technical advisors. The “Efficiency Activists” cited structural issues as the barrier to participation with improved industry-wide
efficiency as the solution. The “Traditionalist” offered personal and political reasons for their lack of participation. Finally,
the “Economists” reflected the poor economic conditions facing many producers in Uruguay, namely
depressed milk prices. The study attended to consensus items as an entry point
for program improvement. A primary strategic solution for increasing participation
by working with other farmer organizations was shared by three factors. The four
factors also provided insight into how program planners might garner farmers’ participation by better training the technicians who deliver the service.
